5. Power control (PWR)

5.1 Power supplies

The STM32WLEx devices require a V _DD operating voltage supply between 1.71 V and 3.6 V. Several independent supplies (V _DDSMPS , V _FBSMPS , V _DDA , V _DDRF ) can be provided for specific peripherals:

• • V _DD = 1.71 V to 3.6 V

V _DD is the external power supply for the I/Os, the system analog blocks such as reset, power management, internal clocks and low-power regulator. It is provided externally through VDD pins.

• • V _DDSMPS = 1.71 V to 3.6 V

V _DDSMPS is the external power supply for the SMPS step-down converter. It is provided externally through VDDSMPS supply pin and must be connected to the same supply as V _DD .

• • V _FBSMPS = 1.55 V

V _FBSMPS is the external power supply for the main system regulator. It is provided externally through VFBSMPS pin and is supplied through the SMPS step-down converter.

• • V _DDA = 0 V to 3.6 V (DAC/COMPs minimum voltage is 1.62 V, ADC minimum voltage is 1.8 V and VREFBUF minimum voltage is 2.4 V).

V _DDA is the external analog power supply for A/D converters, D/A converters, voltage reference buffer, and comparators. The V _DDA voltage level is independent from the V _DD voltage (see power-up and power-down limitations below) and must preferably be connected to V _DD when these peripherals are not used.

• • V _DDRF = 1.71 V to 3.6 V

V _DDRF is the external power supply for the radio. It is provided externally through the VDDRF pin and must be connected to the same supply as V _DD .

• • V _DDRF1V5 = 1.45 V to 1.62 V

V _DDRF1V5 is the external power supply for the radio. It is provided externally through the VDDRF1V5 pin.

• • V _BAT = 1.55 V to 3.6 V

V _BAT is the power supply for RTC, TAMP, external clock 32 kHz oscillator and backup registers (through power switch) when V _DD is not present.

• • V _REF- , V _REF+

V _REF+ is the input reference voltage for ADC. It is also the output of the internal voltage reference buffer when enabled.

• – When V _DDA < 2 V, V _REF+ must be equal to V _DDA .
• – When V _DDA ≥ 2 V, V _REF+ must be between 2 V and V _DDA .

V _REF+ can be grounded when ADC is not active. The internal voltage reference buffer supports the following output voltages, configured with VRS bit in the VREFBUF_CSR register:

• – V _REF+ around 2.048 V: this requires V _DDA ≥ 2.4 V.
• – V _REF+ around 2.5 V: this requires V _DDA ≥ 2.8 V.

VREF+ pin is not available on all packages. When not available, this pin is internally bonded to \( V_{DDA} \) . When VREF+ is double-bonded with \( V_{DDA} \) in a package, the internal voltage reference buffer is not available and must be kept disabled (refer to the datasheet for pinout descriptions).

During power up and power down, the following power sequence is required:

1. 1. When \( V_{DD} < 1 \) V other power supplies ( \( V_{DDA} \) ) must remain below \( V_{DD} + 300 \) mV.

During power down, \( V_{DD} \) can temporarily become lower than other supplies only if the energy provided to the device remains below 1 mJ. This allows external decoupling capacitors to be discharged with different time constants during this transient phase.

1. 2. When \( V_{DD} > 1 \) V, all other power supplies ( \( V_{DDA} \) ) become independent.

An embedded linear voltage regulator is used to supply the internal digital power \( V_{CORE} \) . \( V_{CORE} \) is the power supply for digital peripherals, SRAM1 and SRAM2. The flash memory is supplied by \( V_{CORE} \) and \( V_{DD} \) . \( V_{CORE} \) is split in two parts: \( V_{DDO} \) part and an interruptible part \( V_{DDI} \) .

Figure 14. Power supply overview

The different supply configurations are shown in the figure below.

Figure 15. Supply configurations

The LDO or SMPS step-down converter operating mode can be configured by one of the following:

• • by the MCU using the SMPSEN setting in PWR control register 5 (PWR_CR5) , that depends upon the MCU system operating mode (Run, Stop, Standby or Shutdown).
• • by the sub-GHz radio using Set_RegulatorMode() command and the sub-GHz radio operating mode (Sleep, Calibrate, Standby, Standby with HSE32 or Active).

After any POR and NRST reset, the LDO mode is selected. The SMPS selection has priority over LDO selection.

While the sub-GHz radio is in Standby with HSE32 or in Active mode, the supply mode is not altered until the sub-GHz radio enters Standby or Sleep mode. The sub-GHz radio activity may add a delay for entering the MCU software requested supply mode.

The LDO or SMPS supply mode can be checked with the SMPSRDY flag in Power status register 2 (PWR_SR2) .

Note: When the radio is active, the supply mode is not changed until after the radio activity is finished.

During Stop 1, Stop 2 and Standby modes, when the sub-GHz radio is not active, the LDO or SMPS step-down converter is switched off. When exiting low-power modes (except Shutdown), the SMPS step-down converter is set by hardware to the mode selected by the SMPSEN bit in PWR control register 5 (PWR_CR5) . SMPSEN is retained in Stop and Standby modes.

Independently from the MCU software selected supply operating mode, the sub-GHz radio allows the supply mode selection while the sub-GHz radio is active (thanks to the sub-GHz radio Set_RegulatorMode() command). For more details, see Relation between MCU and sub-GHz radio operating modes .

The maximum load current delivered by the SMPS can be selected by the sub-GHz radio SUBGHZ_SMPSC2R register. For more details see Section 4: Sub-GHz radio (SUBGHZ) .

The inrush current of the LDO and SMPS step-down converter can be controlled via the sub-GHz radio SUBGHZ_PCR register. This information is retained in all but the sub-GHz radio Deep-Sleep mode. For more details see Section 4: Sub-GHz radio (SUBGHZ) .

The SMPS needs a clock to be functional. If for any reason this clock stops, the device may be destroyed. It can be the case if the HSE is provided by an external clock source ( Figure 22: HSE32 clock sources ), with the risk that this clock disappears while the SMPS is enabled. To avoid this situation, a clock detection is used to, in case of a clock failure, switch off the SMPS and enable the LDO. The SMPS clock detection is enabled by the sub-GHz radio SUBGHZ_SMPS0R.CLKDE. By default, the SMPS clock detection is disabled and must be enabled before enabling the SMPS. For more details, see Section 4: Sub-GHz radio (SUBGHZ) .

5.1.1 Independent analog peripherals supply

To improve the ADC conversion accuracy and to extend the supply flexibility, the analog peripherals have an independent power supply that can be separately filtered and shielded from noise on the PCB.

The analog peripherals voltage supply input is available on a separate V _DDA pin.

An isolated supply ground connection is provided on VSSA pin.

The V _DDA supply voltage can be different from V _DD . The presence of V _DDA must be checked before enabling any of the analog peripherals supplied by V _DDA (A/D converter, comparators, voltage reference buffer).

The V _DDA supply can be monitored by the peripheral voltage monitoring, and compared with a threshold (1.65 V for PVM3). See Section 5.2.3: Peripheral voltage monitoring (PVM) for more details.

When a single supply is used, V _DDA can be externally connected to V _DD through the external filtering circuit in order to ensure a noise-free V _DDA reference voltage.

ADC reference voltage

To ensure a better accuracy on low-voltage inputs and outputs, the user can connect a separate reference voltage lower than V _DDA , to V _REF+ . V _REF+ is the highest voltage, represented by the full scale value, for an analog input (ADC) signal.

V _REF+ can be provided either by an external reference or by an internal buffered voltage reference (VREFBUF).

The internal voltage reference is enabled by setting the ENVR bit in the VREFBUF control and status register (VREFBUF_CSR) . The voltage reference is set to 2.5 V when the VRS bit is set and to 2.048 V when the VRS bit is cleared. The internal voltage reference can also provide the voltage to external components through V _REF+ pin. Refer to the device datasheet and to Voltage reference buffer (VREFBUF) for further information.

5.1.2 Battery backup domain

To retain the content of the backup registers and supply the RTC and TAMP functions when V _DD is turned off, the VBAT pin can be connected to an optional backup voltage supplied by a battery or by another source.

The V _BAT pin powers RTC, TAMP, the LSE oscillator and the PC13 to PC15 I/Os, allowing RTC and TAMP to operate even when the main power supply is turned off. The switch to the V _BAT supply is controlled by the power-down reset embedded in the reset block.

Warning: During \( t_{RSTTEMPO} \) (temporization at \( V_{DD} \) startup) or after a PDR is detected, the power switch between \( V_{BAT} \) and \( V_{DD} \) remains connected to \( V_{BAT} \) .
During the startup phase, if \( V_{DD} \) is established in less than \( t_{RSTTEMPO} \) (refer to the datasheet for the value of \( t_{RSTTEMPO} \) ) and \( V_{DD} > V_{BAT} + 0.6 \) V, a current can be injected into \( V_{BAT} \) through an internal diode connected between \( V_{DD} \) and the power switch ( \( V_{BAT} \) ).
If the power supply/battery connected to the V _BAT pin cannot support this current injection, it is strongly recommended to connect an external low-drop diode between this power supply and the V _BAT pin.

If no external battery is used in the application, it is recommended to connect V _BAT externally to \( V_{DD} \) with a 100 nF external ceramic decoupling capacitor.

When the backup domain is supplied by \( V_{DD} \) (analog switch connected to \( V_{DD} \) ), the following pins are available:

• • PC13, PC14 and PC15, that can be used as GPIO pins
• • PC13, PC14 and PC15, that can be configured by RTC, TAMP or LSE (refer to Section 30: Real-time clock (RTC) and Section 31: Tamper and backup registers (TAMP) )
• • PA0/TAMP_IN2 and PB3/TAMP_IN3 when they are configured by the TAMP as tamper pins

Note: Due to the fact that the analog switch can transfer only a limited amount of current (3 mA), the use of GPIO PC13 to PC15 in output mode is restricted: the speed must be limited to 2 MHz with a maximum load of 30 pF and these I/Os must not be used as current source (e.g. to drive a LED).

When the backup domain is supplied by \( V_{BAT} \) (analog switch connected to \( V_{BAT} \) because \( V_{DD} \) is not present), the following functions are available:

• • PC13, PC14 and PC15 can be controlled only by RTC, TAMP or LSE (refer to Section 30: Real-time clock (RTC) and Section 31: Tamper and backup registers (TAMP) )
• • PA0/TAMP_IN2 and PB3/TAMP_IN3, when they are configured by the TAMP as tamper pins

Backup domain access

After a system reset, the backup domain (RTC and TAMP backup registers) is protected against possible unwanted write accesses. The DBP bit must be set in the PWR control register 1 (PWR_CR1) to enable access to the backup domain

VBAT battery charging

When \( V_{DD} \) is present, It is possible to charge the external battery on VBAT through an internal resistance.

The VBAT charging is done either through a 5 k \( \Omega \) resistor or through a 1.5 k \( \Omega \) resistor, depending on the VBRS bit value in the PWR control register 4 (PWR_CR4) .

The battery charging is enabled by setting VBE bit in the PWR control register 4 (PWR_CR4) , and automatically disabled in VBAT mode.

5.1.3 Voltage regulator

Two embedded linear voltage regulators supply all the digital circuitries, except for the Standby circuitry and the backup domain. The main regulator (MR) output voltage ( \( V_{CORE} \) ) can be programmed by software to two different power ranges (range 1 and range 2) to optimize the consumption depending on the system maximum operating frequency (refer to Section 6.2.9: Clock source frequency versus voltage scaling and to Section 3.3.4: Read access latency ).

The voltage regulators are always enabled after a reset. Depending on the application modes, the \( V_{CORE} \) supply is provided either by the main regulator or by the low-power regulator (LPR), as detailed below:

• • In Run, Sleep and Stop 0 modes, both regulators are enabled and the main regulator (MR) supplies full power to the \( V_{CORE} \) domain (core, memories and digital peripherals).
• • In LPRun and LPSleep modes, the main regulator (MR) is off and the low-power regulator (LPR) supplies reduced power to the \( V_{CORE} \) domain, preserving the contents of the registers and internal SRAM1 and SRAM2.
• • In Stop 1 and Stop 2 modes, the main regulator (MR) is off and the low-power regulator (LPR) supplies low power to the all or part of the \( V_{CORE} \) domain, preserving the contents of all or part of the registers and of internal SRAM1 and SRAM2.
• • In Standby modes with SRAM2 content preserved (RRS bit set in the PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) ), the main regulator (MR) is off and the low-power regulator (LPR) provides the supply to SRAM2 only. The core and digital peripherals (except Standby circuitry and backup domain), SRAM1 is powered off.
• • In Standby mode, both regulators (MR and LPR) are powered off. The contents of the registers and of SRAM1 and SRAM2 is lost except for the Standby circuitry and the backup domain.
• • In Shutdown mode, both regulators are powered off. When exiting from Shutdown mode, a power-on reset is generated. Consequently, the contents of the registers and of both SRAM1 and SRAM2 is lost, except for the backup domain.

5.1.4 Dynamic voltage scaling management

The dynamic voltage scaling is a power management technique that consists in increasing or decreasing the voltage used for the digital peripherals ( \( V_{CORE} \) ), according to the application performance and power consumption needs.

Dynamic voltage scaling to increase \( V_{CORE} \) is known as “overvolting”. It is used to improve the device performance.

Dynamic voltage scaling to decrease \( V_{CORE} \) is known as “undervolting”. It is used to save power, particularly in laptop and other mobile devices where the energy comes from a battery and is thus limited.

• • range 1: high-performance range

The main regulator provides a typical output voltage at 1.2 V. The system clock frequency can be up to 64 MHz. The flash memory access time for read access is minimum. Write and erase operations are possible.

• • range 2: low-power range

The main regulator provides a typical output voltage at 1.0 V. The system clock frequency can be up to 16 MHz. The flash memory access time for a read access is increased as compared to range 1. Write and erase operations are possible.

Voltage scaling is selected through the VOS bit in the PWR control register 1 (PWR_CR1) .

The sequence to go from range 1 to range 2 is the following:

1. 1. Reduce the system frequency to a value lower or equal to 16 MHz.
2. 2. Adjust number of wait states according to new frequency target in range 2 (LATENCY bits in the FLASH_ACR).
3. 3. Select range 2 with the VOS bits in the PWR control register 1 (PWR_CR1) .

The sequence to go from range 2 to range 1 is detailed below:

1. 1. Select range 1 in the VOS bits in the PWR control register 1 (PWR_CR1) .
2. 2. Wait until the VOSF flag is cleared in the Power status register 2 (PWR_SR2) .
3. 3. Adjust number of wait states according new frequency target in range 1 (LATENCY bits in the FLASH_ACR).
4. 4. Increase the system frequency.

5.2 Power supply supervisor

5.2.1 Power-on reset (POR)/power-down reset (PDR)
/Brownout reset (BOR)

The device has an integrated power-on reset/power-down reset, coupled with a Brownout reset circuitry.

Five BOR thresholds can be selected through option bytes.

BOR0 level cannot be disabled. Other BOR levels can be enabled by user option. When enabled, BOR is active in all power modes except in Shutdown.

Reset mode

During power-on, BOR keeps the device under reset until the supply voltage \( V_{DD} \) reaches the specified \( V_{BORx} \) threshold. When \( V_{DD} \) drops below the selected threshold, a device reset is generated. When \( V_{DD} \) is above the \( V_{BORx} \) upper limit, the device reset is released and the system can start.

For more details on the Brownout reset thresholds, refer to the electrical characteristics section in the datasheet.

Figure 16. Brownout reset waveform

1. The reset temporization \( t_{RSTTEMPO} \) is present only for the BOR lowest threshold ( \( V_{BOR0} \) ).

5.2.2 Programmable voltage detector (PVD)

The PVD can be used to monitor \( V_{DD} \) by comparing it to a threshold selected by the PLS[2:0] bits in the PWR control register 2 (PWR_CR2) .

PVD can also be used to monitor a voltage level on the PVD_IN pin. In this case the voltage level on PVD_IN is compared to the internal VREFINT level.

PVD is enabled by setting the PVDE bit.

A PVDO flag is available in the Power status register 2 (PWR_SR2) to indicate if \( V_{DD} \) or the voltage level on PVD_IN is higher or lower than the PVD threshold. This event is internally connected to the EXTI line 16 and can generate an interrupt if enabled through the EXTI registers.

The PVD output interrupt can be generated when \( V_{DD} \) or voltage level on PVD_IN drops below the PVD threshold and/or when \( V_{DD} \) or voltage level on PVD_IN rises above the PVD threshold depending on EXTI line 16 rising/falling edge configuration. As an example, the service routine can perform emergency shutdown tasks.

The PVD can be configured to monitor the \( V_{DD} \) supply level needed for the sub-GHz radio operation. For this, the PVD must select its lowest level and PVD and the wake-up must be enabled in EWPVD. Only a voltage drop below the PVD level generates a wake-up event.

BOR0 level cannot be disabled. The other BOR levels can be enabled by user option. When enabled, BOR is active in all power modes except in Shutdown.

Figure 17. PVD thresholds

5.2.3 Peripheral voltage monitoring (PVM)

Only \( V_{DD} \) is monitored by default as it is the only supply required for all system-related functions. The other supplies (such as \( V_{DDA} \) ) can be independent from \( V_{DD} \) and can be monitored by the peripheral voltage monitoring (PVM).

Each PVMx is a comparator between a fixed threshold \( V_{PVMx} \) and the selected power supply. PVMOx flags indicate if the independent power supply is higher or lower than the PVMx threshold. The PVMOx flag is cleared when the supply voltage is above the PVMx threshold and is set when the supply voltage is below the PVMx threshold.

Each PVM output is connected to an EXTI line and can generate an interrupt if enabled through the EXTI registers. The PVMx output interrupt is generated when the independent power supply drops below the PVMx threshold and/or when it rises above the PVMx threshold, depending on EXTI line rising/falling edge configuration.

Each PVM can remain active in Stop 0, Stop 1 and Stop 2 modes, and the PVM interrupt can wake up from the Stop modes.

Table 35. PVM features

The independent supply \( V_{DDA} \) is not considered as present by default and a logical and electrical isolation is applied to ignore any information coming from the peripherals supplied by these dedicated supplies:

• • If \( V_{DDA} \) is shorted externally to \( V_{DD} \) , the application must assume that \( V_{DDA} \) is available without enabling any peripheral voltage monitoring.
• • If \( V_{DDA} \) is independent from \( V_{DD} \) , the peripheral voltage monitoring (PVM) can be enabled to confirm whether the \( V_{DDA} \) supply is present or not.

The following sequence must be applied before using any of these analog peripherals: ADC, DAC, comparators or voltage reference buffer:

1. 1. If \( V_{DDA} \) is independent from \( V_{DD} \) :
   1. a) Enable PVM3 by setting PVME3 bit in the PWR control register 2 (PWR_CR2) .
   2. b) Wait for the PVM3 wake-up time.
   3. c) Wait until PVMO3 is cleared in the Power status register 2 (PWR_SR2) .
   4. d) Disable the PVM3 for consumption saving (optional).
2. 2. Enable the analog peripheral. This automatically removes the \( V_{DDA} \) isolation.

5.2.4 Radio end of life (EOL)

The radio end-of-life monitor provides information on the \( V_{DD} \) supply when it is too low to operate the sub-GHz radio. When reaching the EOL level, the software must stop all radio activities in a safe way.

The EOL is enabled by setting the RFEOLEN bit.

The RFEOLF flag is available in Power status register 2 (PWR_SR2) to indicate if \( V_{DD} \) voltage level is below the EOL threshold.

The EOL is only generated when the sub-GHz radio is in Calibrate, Standby or Active mode.

Figure 18. EOL thresholds

5.3 Radio busy management

For correct software handling of the radio busy signal RFBUSY, additional busy control are included in the PWR controller. This generates a busy mask RFBUSYMS status based on

the SUBGHZSPI_NSS activity, and masks the RFBUSYS status low time (not busy) after an SPI command transfer (see the figure below).

Figure 19. Radio busy management

At reset, the radio is busy (as signaled by the RFBUSY signal). At this time, the RFBUSYMS signal provides the same information. Subsequently the radio is woken up by a falling edge on SUBGHZSPI_NSS . Once the radio is ready to receive a command, RFBUSYS and RFBUSYMS go low. After reset, the RFBUSYS or RFBUSYMS status can be used to check that the radio is ready.

For any subsequent command, as soon as the SUBGHZSPI_NSS goes low, the RFBUSYMS status is set to signal busy radio. RFBUSYMS remains high for at least the minimum RFBUSYMS delay after the SUBGHZSPI_NSS is set high, or as long as the RFBUSY signal remains high:

• • When transferring a command with an expected radio busy indication the RFBUSYMS status must be used to detect the radio busy state.
• • When transferring a command without any expected radio busy indication, there is no need for checking any busy status. A new command can be sent even when RFBUSYMS status indicates busy radio.

When the SUBGHZSPI_NSS is selected to be driven by the LPTIM3_OUT in PWR_CR1.SUBGHZSPINSSSEL , the RFBUSYMS status is disabled and must not be used by software.

When in Standby mode, the CPU can be woken up through a WRFBUSYF wake-up flag when enabled by EWRFBUSY in Section 5.5.3: PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) .

When in Stop or Run mode, a CPU can be woken up and interrupted by the EXTI configurable event on the RFBUSY signal, see Section 14.3.1: EXTI wake-up interrupt list .

5.4 Low-power modes

By default, the microcontroller is in Run mode after a system or a power reset. Low-power modes are available to save power when the CPU does not need to be kept running, for example when it is waiting for an external event. The user must select the mode giving the best compromise between consumption, startup time and available wake-up sources.

These low-power modes are detailed below:

• • Sleep mode: CPU clock off, all peripherals including CPU core peripherals (among them NVIC, SysTick) can run and wake up the CPU when an interrupt or an event occurs.
• • Low-power run mode (LPRun): when the system clock frequency is reduced below 2 MHz. The code is executed from the SRAM or from the flash memory. The regulator is in low-power mode to minimize the operating current.
• • Low-power sleep mode (LPSleep): entered from the LPRun mode.
• • Stop 0 mode, and Stop 1 mode: the content of SRAM1, SRAM2 and of all registers is retained. All clocks in the \( V_{CORE} \) domain are stopped. PLL, MSI, HSI16 and HSE32 are disabled. LSI and LSE can be kept running.

RTC can remain active (Stop mode with RTC, Stop mode without RTC). The sub-GHz radio may remain active independently from the CPU.

Some peripherals with the wake-up capability can enable HSI16 RC during the Stop mode to detect their wake-up condition.

Stop 1 offers the largest number of active peripherals and wake-up sources, a smaller wake-up time but a higher consumption compared with Stop 2.

In Stop 0 mode, the main regulator remains on, resulting in the fastest wake-up time but with much higher consumption. The active peripherals and wake-up sources are the same as in Stop 1 mode that uses the low-power regulator.

The system clock, when exiting Stop 0 or Stop 1 mode, can be either MSI up to 48 MHz or HSI16, depending on the software configuration.

• • Stop 2 mode: part of the \( V_{CORE} \) domain is powered off. Only SRAM1, SRAM2, CPU and some peripherals preserve their contents (see Table 37: Functionalities depending on system operating mode ).

All clocks in the \( V_{CORE} \) domain are stopped. PLL, MSI, HSI16 and HSE32 are disabled. LSI and LSE can be kept running.

RTC can remain active (Stop 2 mode with RTC, Stop 2 mode without RTC). The sub-GHz radio may also remain active independent from the CPU.

Some peripherals with the wake-up capability can enable HSI16 RC during the Stop 2 mode to detect their wake-up condition (see Table 37: Functionalities depending on system operating mode ).

The system clock when exiting from Stop 2 mode, can be either MSI up to 48 MHz or HSI16, depending on the software configuration.

• • Standby mode: \( V_{CORE} \) domain is powered off. However, it is possible to preserve the SRAM2 content as detailed below:
  • – Standby mode with SRAM2 retention when the RRS bit is set in the PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) . In this case, SRAM2 is supplied by the low-power regulator.
  • – Standby mode when the RRS bit is cleared in the PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) . In this case the main regulator and the low-power regulator are

powered off.

All clocks in the \( V_{CORE} \) domain are stopped. PLL, MSI, HSI16 and HSE32 are disabled. LSI and LSE can be kept running.

The RTC can remain active (Standby mode with RTC, Standby mode without RTC). The sub-GHz radio and the PVD may also remain active when enabled independent from the CPU. In Standby mode, the PVD selects its lowest level.

The system clock, when exiting Standby modes, is MSI at 4 MHz.

• • Shutdown mode: \( V_{CORE} \) domain is powered off. All clocks in the \( V_{CORE} \) domain are stopped. PLL, MSI, HSI16, LSI and HSE32 are disabled. LSE can be kept running. The system clock when exiting the Shutdown mode, is MSI at 4 MHz. In this mode, the supply voltage monitoring is disabled and the product behavior is not guaranteed in case of a power voltage drop.

In addition, the power consumption in Run mode can be reduced by slowing down the system clocks, and/or by gating the clocks to the APB and AHB peripherals when they are unused.

The system operation mode depends on the CPU sub-system operating mode. The system only enters a low-power mode when the CPU allows it to do so.

The system low-power mode to enter depends on the allowed mode selected by the CPU in LPMS[2:0] bits in PWR control register 1 (PWR_CR1) .

Table 36. Low-power mode summary

Table 36. Low-power mode summary (continued)

1. Refer to Table 37: Functionalities depending on system operating mode .

Table 37. Functionalities depending on system operating mode ⁽¹⁾

1. Legend: Y = Yes (enable). O = Optional (disable by default and can be enabled by software). R = data retained. - = Not available. Gray cells indicate wake-up capability.

2. The SRAM clock can be gated on or off.

3. Flash memory can be placed in power-down mode.

4. The SRAM2 content can optionally be retained when the PWR_CR3.RRS bit is set.

5. Only when the sub-GHz radio is active.

6. Some peripherals with wake-up from Stop capability can request HSI16 to be enabled. In this case, HSI16 is woken up by the peripheral, and only feeds the peripheral that requested it. HSI16 is automatically put off when the peripheral does not need it anymore.

7. HSE32 can be used by sub-GHz radio system.

8. UART reception is functional in Stop 0 and 1 modes. LPUART1 reception is functional in Stop 0, 1, and 2 modes. LPUART1 generates a wake-up interrupt on Start address match or received frame event.

9. I2Cx (x = 1, 2) address detection is functional in Stop 0 and 1 modes. I2C3 address detection is functional in Stop 0, 1, and 2 modes. I2C3 generates a wake-up interrupt in case of address match.

1. 10. Voltage scaling range 1 only.
2. 11. I/Os can be configured with internal pull-up, pull-down or floating in Standby mode.
3. 12. The I/Os with wake-up from Standby/Shutdown capability are PA0, PC13 and PB3.
4. 13. I/Os can be configured with internal pull-up, pull-down or floating in Shutdown mode, but the configuration is lost when exiting the Shutdown mode.

Relation between MCU and sub-GHz radio operating modes

The CPU and sub-GHz radio have their own operating modes, as defined in the table below.

Table 38. MCU and sub-GHz radio operating modes

1. 1. For more details on sub-GHz radio operating modes, see Section 4: Sub-GHz radio (SUBGHZ) .
2. 2. In the MCU Run, Sleep and Stop 0 modes, the sub-GHz radio is prevented from entering Deep-Sleep mode.
3. 3. When retaining SRAM2 in Standby mode, the MCU uses the low-power regulator (LPR) mode.
4. 4. When the CPU is in Shutdown mode, the sub-GHz radio cannot be activated and is forced in Deep-Sleep mode.

Debug mode

By default, the debug connection is lost if the application puts the MCU in Stop 0, Stop 1, Stop 2, Standby or Shutdown mode while the debug features are used. This is because the CPU core is no longer clocked.

However, by setting some configuration bits in the DBGMCU_CR register, the software can be debugged even when using the low-power modes extensively. For more details, refer to Section 36.3.6: Serial-wire and JTAG debug port .

In Stop 0 and 1 modes, the EXTI CDBGPWRUPREQ wake-up event can be used to restart the CPU clock by the debugger. For more details, refer to Section 14.3.1: EXTI wake-up interrupt list .

5.4.1 Run mode

Slowing down system clocks

In Run mode, the speed of the system clocks (SYSCLK, HCLK, PCLK) can be reduced by programming the prescaler registers. These prescalers can also be used to slow down the peripherals before entering the Sleep mode.

For more details, refer to RCC clock configuration register (RCC_CFGR) .

Peripheral clock gating

In Run mode, HCLK and PCLK for individual peripherals and memories can be stopped at any time to reduce the power consumption.

In Sleep mode, to further reduce the power consumption, the peripheral clocks can be disabled prior to executing the WFI or WFE instructions.

The peripheral clock gating is controlled by the RCC_AHBxENR and RCC_APBxENR registers.

Disabling the peripherals clocks in Sleep mode can be performed automatically by resetting the corresponding bits in the RCC_AHBxSMENR and RCC_APBxSMENR registers.

5.4.2 Low-power run mode (LPRun)

To further reduce the consumption when the system is in Run mode, the regulator can be configured in low-power mode. In this mode, the HCLK bus frequency must not exceed 2 MHz. HPRE and SHDHPRE must be used to divide the SYSCLK frequency (or MSI not exceeding 2 MHz must be used) before entering LPRun mode.

Warning: In LPRun mode, HSE32 cannot be used and must be disabled before entering LPRun mode.

In LPRun mode HSI16 can be used as kernel clock for peripherals and PLL must be disabled.

The device only enters LPRun mode once the low-power regulator is ready. The REGLPS bit can be used to check that the low-power regulator is ready. The REGLPF bit must be used to know if the device is in LPRun mode.

Refer to the product datasheet for more details on voltage regulator and peripherals operating conditions.

I/O states in LPRun mode

In LPRun mode, all I/O pins keep the same state as in Run mode.

Enter LPRun mode

To enter the LPRun mode, proceed as follows (refer to Table 39 ):

1. 1. Jump into the SRAM and power down the flash memory by setting the FPDR bit in the Section 5.5.1: PWR control register 1 (PWR_CR1) (optional).
2. 2. Disable HSE32 clock.
3. 3. Decrease the HCLK clock frequencies below 2 MHz.
4. 4. Force the regulator in low-power mode by setting the LPR bit in the PWR control register 1 (PWR_CR1) .

Exit LPRun mode

To exit the LPRun mode, proceed as follows (refer to Table 39 ):

1. 1. Force the regulator in main mode by clearing the LPR bit in the PWR control register 1 (PWR_CR1) .
2. 2. Wait until REGLPF bit is cleared in the Power status register 2 (PWR_SR2) .
3. 3. Increase the HCLK clock frequency (enable HSE32 clock when needed).

Table 39. LPRun

5.4.3 Enter low-power mode

The MCU enters low-power mode following one of these events:

• • when MCU executes the WFI (wait for interrupt)
• • when MCU executes WFE (wait for event) instructions
• • on return from ISR when the SLEEPONEXIT bit in the CPU system control register is set

Low-power mode is only be entered if no interrupt or event is pending.

5.4.4 Exit low-power mode

From Sleep and Stop modes, the CPU exits low-power mode depending on the way the mode was entered, as detailed below:

• • If the WFI instruction or return from ISR was used to enter the low-power mode, any peripheral interrupt acknowledged by the NVIC can wake up the device.
• • If the WFE instruction is used to enter the low-power mode, the CPU exits the low-power mode as soon as an event occurs. The wake-up event can be generated either by an NVIC IRQ interrupt or by an event.
  • – Wake-up generated by an NVIC IRQ with SEVONPEND = 0 in the CPU system control register, enabling an interrupt in the peripheral control register and in the NVIC
    When the CPU resumes from WFE, the peripheral interrupt pending bit and the NVIC peripheral IRQ channel pending bit (in the NVIC interrupt clear pending

register) must be cleared. Only NVIC interrupts with sufficient priority wake up and interrupt the CPU.

• – Wake-up generated by an NVIC IRQ with SEVONPEND = 1 in the CPU system control register, enabling an interrupt in the peripheral control register and optionally in the NVIC

When the CPU resumes from WFE, the peripheral interrupt pending bit and when enabled the NVIC peripheral IRQ channel pending bit (in the NVIC interrupt clear pending register) must be cleared. All NVIC interrupts wake up the CPU, even the disabled ones. Only enabled NVIC interrupts with sufficient priority wake up and interrupt the CPU.

• – Wake-up generated by an event, configuring an EXTI line in event mode

When the CPU resumes from WFE, it is not necessary to clear the EXTI peripheral interrupt pending bit or the NVIC IRQ channel pending bit as the pending bits corresponding to the event line is not set. It may be necessary to clear the interrupt flag in the peripheral.

From Standby and Shutdown modes, the CPU exits low-power mode through an external reset (NRST pin), an IWDG reset, a sub-GHz radio IRQ, a PVD event, an edge on the sub-GHz radio busy signal, an edge on one of the enabled WKUPx pins, an RTC and TAMP event, or a radio event (for Standby only).

After waking up from Standby or Shutdown mode, the program execution restarts in the same way as after a reset (boot pin sampling, option bytes loading, reset vector is fetched).

The system mode when it wakes up from low-power mode can be determined from the C1STOPF, C1STOP2F and C1SBF bits in the PWR extended status and status clear register (PWR_EXTSCR) .

Table 40. CPU wakeup versus system operating mode

5.4.5 Sleep mode

I/O states in Sleep mode

In Sleep mode, all I/O pins keep the same state as in Run mode.

Enter Sleep mode

The Sleep mode is entered from Run mode according to Enter low-power mode , when the SLEEPDEEP bit in the CPU system control register is cleared (see Table 41 ).

Exit Sleep mode

The MCU exits the Sleep mode (see Table 41 ) as indicated in Exit low-power mode .

Table 41. Sleep mode

5.4.6 Low-power sleep mode (LPSleep)

Refer to the product datasheet for more details on voltage regulator and peripherals operating conditions.

I/O states in LPSleep mode

In LPSleep mode, all I/O pins keep the same state as in Run mode.

Enter LPSleep mode

The LPSleep mode is entered from LPRun mode as described in Section 5.4.3: Enter low-power mode , when the SLEEPDEEP bit in the Cortex system control register is clear.

Refer to Table 42 for details on how to enter the LPSleep mode.

Exit LPSleep mode

The LPSleep mode is exited as described in Section 5.4.4: Exit low-power mode . When exiting the LPSleep mode by issuing an interrupt or an event, the MCU is in LPRun mode.

The table below details how to exit the LPSleep mode.

Table 42. LPSleep

5.4.7 Stop 0 mode

The Stop 0 mode is based on the CPU Deep-Sleep mode combined with the peripheral clock gating. The voltage regulator is configured in main regulator mode. In Stop 0 mode, all clocks in the V _CORE domain are stopped. PLL, MSI, HSI16 and HSE32 oscillators are disabled. Some peripherals with the wake-up capability (I2Cx (x = 1, 3), USARTx (x = 1, 2) and LPUART1) can switch on HSI16 to receive a frame, and switch off HSI16 after receiving the frame if it is not a wake-up frame. In this case, the HSI16 clock is propagated only to the peripheral requesting it.

SRAM1, SRAM2 and register contents are preserved.

The BOR is always available in Stop 0 mode. The consumption is increased when thresholds higher than V _BOR0 are used.

The BOR and PDR can be activated to sample periodically the supply voltage. This option enabled by setting the ULPEN bit of the PWR_CR3 register allows decreasing the current consumption in this mode, but any drop of the voltage below the operating conditions between two active periods of the supply detector results in a non-generation of PDR reset.

I/O states in Stop 0 mode

In the Stop 0 mode, all I/O pins keep the same state as in the Run mode.

Enter Stop 0 mode

The Stop 0 mode is entered according to Section 5.4.3 , when the SLEEPDEEP bit in the Cortex system control register is set (see Table 43 ).

If flash memory programming is ongoing, the Stop 0 mode entry is delayed until the operation is completed.

If an access to the APB domain is ongoing, the Stop 0 mode entry is delayed until the APB access is finished.

In Stop 0 mode, the following features can be selected by programming individual control bits:

• • Independent watchdog (IWDG): the IWDG is started by writing to its key register or by hardware option. Once started, it cannot be stopped except by a reset. See Section 28.3: IWDG functional description .
• • Real-time clock (RTC): this is configured by the RTCEN bit in the RCC backup domain control register (RCC_BDCR) .
• • Internal RC oscillator (LSI): this is configured by the LSIxON bit in the RCC control/status register (RCC_CSR) .
• • External 32.768 kHz oscillator (LSE): this is configured by the LSEON bit in the RCC backup domain control register (RCC_BDCR) .
• • Sub-GHz radio activity, as programmed, see Section 4: Sub-GHz radio (SUBGHZ) .
• • PVD detection configured in PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) .

Several peripherals can be used in Stop 0 mode and can add consumption if they are enabled and clocked by LSI or LSE: LPTIMx (x = 1, 2, 3), I2Cx (x = 1, 2, 3), USARTx (x = 1, 2), LPUART1.

In Stop 0 mode, when HSIKERON is enabled, the wake-up capabilities of some peripherals are also available when clocked by HSI16: I2Cx (x = 1, 2, 3), USARTx (x = 1, 2) or LPUART1.

The comparators can be used in Stop 0 mode, PWM3 and PVD as well. If they are not needed, they must be disabled by software to save their power consumption.

ADC, temperature sensor and VREFBUF buffer can consume power during the Stop 0 mode, unless they are disabled before entering this mode.

Exit Stop 0 mode

The Stop 0 mode is exited according to what is indicated in Section 5.4.4 (see Table 43 for details).

When exiting Stop 0 mode by issuing an interrupt or a wake-up event, the HSI16 oscillator is selected as system clock if the bit STOPWUCK is set in RCC clock configuration register (RCC_CFGR) . The MSI oscillator is selected as system clock if the bit STOPWUCK is cleared. The wake-up time is shorter when HSI16 is selected as wake-up system clock. The MSI selection enables a wake-up at higher frequency, up to 48 MHz.

When the voltage regulator operates in low-power mode, an additional startup delay is incurred when waking up from Stop 0 mode with HSI16. By keeping the internal regulator on during Stop 0 mode, the consumption is higher but the startup time is reduced.

When exiting the Stop 0 mode, the MCU is either in Run mode (range 1 or range 2 depending on VOS bit in PWR control register 1 (PWR_CR1) ) or in LPRun mode if the bit LPR is set in the same register.

Table 43. Stop 0 mode

5.4.8 Stop 1 mode

The Stop 1 mode is the same as Stop 0 mode except that the main regulator is off, and only the low-power regulator is on. Stop 1 mode can be entered from Run mode and from LPRun mode. The device only enters Stop 1 mode once the low-power regulator is ready. The

REGLPS bit can be used to check that the low-power regulator is ready (see the table below).

Table 44. Stop 1 mode

5.4.9 Stop 2 mode

The Stop 2 mode is based on the CPU Deep-Sleep mode combined with peripheral clock gating and partial power down of the V _CORE domain. In Stop 2 mode, all clocks in the V _CORE domain are stopped. PLL, MSI, HSI16 and HSE32 oscillators are disabled. Some of the logic is powered down except for the CPU and some peripherals with wake-up capability (I2C3, LPTIM1 and LPUART1), that can switch on the HSI16 to receive a frame, and switch off HSI16 after receiving the frame if it is not a wake-up frame. In this case, the HSI16 clock is propagated only to the peripheral requesting it. The Stop 2 mode uses the low-power regulator, hence the device only enters Stop 2 mode once the low-power regulator is ready. The REGLPS bit can be used to check that the low-power regulator is ready.

SRAM1, SRAM2, PWR, flash memory interface, RCC, EXTI, IWDG, WWDG, GPIO, CRC, SYSCFG, RTC and TAMP contents and registers in the backup domain are also preserved. The content of all other peripherals is reset and must be reprogrammed.

The BOR is always available in Stop 2 mode. The consumption is increased when thresholds higher than \( V_{BOR0} \) are used.

The BOR and PDR can be activated to sample periodically the supply voltage. This option enabled by setting the ULPEN bit of the PWR_CR3 register allows the current consumption to be decreased in this mode, but any drop of the voltage below the operating conditions between two active periods of the supply detector, results in a non-generation of PDR reset.

Note: The comparators, LPUART1 and LPTIM1 outputs are forced to low speed (OSPEEDy = 0b00) during the Standby mode.

I/O states in Stop 2 mode

In Stop 2 mode, all I/O pins keep the same state as in the Run mode.

Enter Stop 2 mode

The Stop 2 mode is entered as described in Section 5.4.3 , when the SLEEPDEEP bit in the Cortex system control register is set (see Table 45 ).

Stop 2 mode can only be entered from Run mode. It is not possible to enter Stop 2 mode from the LPRun mode.

If flash memory programming is ongoing, the Stop 2 mode entry is delayed until the memory access is finished.

If an access to the APB domain is ongoing, The Stop 2 mode entry is delayed until the APB access is finished.

Several peripherals can be used in Stop 2 mode and can add consumption if they are enabled and clocked by LSI or LSE: LPTIM1, I2C3 and LPUART1.

In Stop 2 mode, when HSIKERON is enabled, the wake-up capabilities of some peripherals are also available when clocked by HSI16: I2C3 or LPUART1.

The comparators can be used in Stop 2 mode, PWM3 and PVD as well. If they are not needed, they must be disabled by software to save their power consumption.

ADC, temperature sensor and VREFBUF buffer can consume power during Stop 2 mode, unless they are disabled before entering this mode.

All the peripherals that cannot be used in Stop 2 mode are powered down.

Exit Stop 2 mode

The Stop 2 mode is exited according to Section 5.4.4 (see Table 45 ).

When exiting Stop 2 mode by issuing an interrupt or a wake-up event, the HSI16 oscillator is selected as system clock if the bit STOPWUCK is set in RCC clock configuration register (RCC_CFGR) . The MSI oscillator is selected as system clock if the bit STOPWUCK is cleared. The wake-up time is shorter when HSI16 is selected as wake-up system clock. The MSI selection allows a wake-up at higher frequency, up to 48 MHz,

The STOP2F status flag in the PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) indicates that the MCU was in Stop 2 mode. All non retained registers are reset after wake-up from Stop 2. When

exiting the Stop 2 mode, the MCU is in Run mode (range 1 or range 2 depending on VOS bit in PWR_CR1).

Table 45. Stop 2 mode

5.4.10 Standby mode

The Standby mode allows the lowest power consumption to be achieved with BOR. It is based on the CPU Deep-Sleep mode, with the voltage regulators disabled (except when SRAM2 content is preserved). PLL, HSI16, MSI and HSE32 oscillators are also switched off.

SRAM1 and register contents are lost except for registers in the backup domain and Standby circuitry (see Figure 14 ). SRAM2 content can be preserved if the bit RRS is set in the PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) . In this case the low-power regulator is enabled and provides the supply to SRAM2 only. When the SRAM2 retention is enabled the device only enters Standby mode once the low-power regulator is ready. The REGLPS bit can be used to check that the low-power regulator is ready. Immediately exiting from Standby mode with SRAM2 retention may be delayed until the low-power regulator is ready.

BOR is always available in Standby modes. The consumption is increased when thresholds higher than \( V_{BOR0} \) are used.

BOR and PDR can be activated to sample periodically the supply voltage. This option enabled by setting the ULPEN bit of the PWR_CR3 register allows the current consumption to be decreased in this mode, but any drop of the voltage below the operating conditions between two active periods of the supply detector results in a non-generation of PDR reset.

I/O states in Standby mode

In Standby mode, the I/Os can be configured either with a pull-up (refer to PWR_PUCRx registers (x = A, B, C, H)), or with a pull-down (refer to PWR_PDCRx registers (x = A, B, C, H)), or can be kept in analog state.

The RTC output on PC13 only is functional in Standby mode. PC14 and PC15 used for LSE are also functional. Three wake-up pins (WKUPx, x = 1, 2, 3) and the three TAMP tampers are available.

The sub-GHz radio is functional and PVD can be enabled.

Enter Standby mode

The Standby mode is entered according to Section 5.4.3 , when the SLEEPDEEP bit in the Cortex system control register is set (see Table 46 for details).

In Standby mode, the following features can be selected by programming individual control bits:

• • Independent watchdog (IWDG): the IWDG is started by writing to its key register or by hardware option. Once started it cannot be stopped except by a reset. See Section 28.3: IWDG functional description .
• • Real-time clock (RTC): this is configured by the RTCEN bit in the backup domain control register (RCC_BDCR)
• • Internal RC oscillator (LSI): this is configured by the LSIxON bit in the control/status register (RCC_CSR).
• • External 32.768 kHz oscillator (LSE): this is configured by the LSEON bit in the backup domain control register (RCC_BDCR)
• • Sub-GHz radio activity, as programmed, see Section 4: Sub-GHz radio (SUBGHZ) .
• • PVD detection configured in PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) .

Exit Standby mode

The Standby mode is exited according to Section 5.4.4 . The SBF status flags (CnSBF) in the PWR extended status and status clear register (PWR_EXTSCR) indicate that the MCU was in Standby mode. All registers are reset after wake-up from Standby except for PWR extended status and status clear register (PWR_EXTSCR) .

Refer to the table below for more details on how to exit Standby mode.

Table 46. Standby mode

5.4.11 Shutdown mode

The lowest power consumption can be reached in Shutdown mode. It is based on the Deep-Sleep mode, with the voltage regulator disabled. The V _CORE domain is consequently powered off. PLL, HSI16, MSI, LSI and HSE32 oscillators are also switched off.

SRAM1, SRAM2 and registers contents are lost except for registers in the backup domain. BOR is not available in Shutdown mode. No power voltage monitoring is possible in this mode, therefore the switch to the backup domain is not supported.

I/O states in Shutdown mode

In Shutdown mode, the I/Os can be configured either with a pull-up (refer to PWR_PUCRx registers (x = A, B, C, H), or with a pull-down (refer to PWR_PDCRx registers (x = A, B, C, H)), or can be kept in analog state. However this configuration is lost when exiting the Shutdown mode due to the power-on reset.

The RTC output on PC13 only is functional in Shutdown mode. PC14 and PC15 used for LSE are also functional. Three wake-up pins (WKUPx, x = 1, 2, 3) and the three TAMP tampers are available.

Enter Shutdown mode

The Shutdown mode is entered according Section 5.4.3 , when the SLEEPDEEP bit in the Cortex system control register is set (see Table 47 for details).

In Shutdown mode, the following features can be selected by programming individual control bits:

• • Real-time clock (RTC): this is configured by the RTCEN bit in the backup domain control register (RCC_BDCR).

Caution: In case of \( V_{DD} \) power-down, the RTC content is lost.

• • External 32.768 kHz oscillator (LSE): this is configured by the LSEON bit in the backup domain control register (RCC_BDCR)

Exit Shutdown mode

The Shutdown mode is exited according Section 5.4.4 . A power-on reset occurs when exiting from Shutdown mode. All registers (except for the ones in the backup domain) are reset after wake-up from Shutdown.

Refer to the table below for more details on how to exit Shutdown mode.

Table 47. Shutdown mode

5.4.12 Auto-wake-up from low-power mode

The RTC can be used to wake up the MCU from low-power mode without depending on an external interrupt (auto-wake-up mode). The RTC provides a programmable time base for waking up from Stop (0, 1 or 2) or Standby mode at regular intervals. For this purpose, the

following alternative RTC clock sources can be selected by programming the RTCSEL[1:0] bits in the RCC backup domain control register (RCC_BDCR) :

• • Low-power 32.768 kHz external crystal oscillator (LSE OSC)
  This clock source provides a precise time base with very low-power consumption.
• • Low-power internal RC oscillator (LSI)
  This clock source has the advantage of saving the cost of the 32.768 kHz crystal. This internal RC oscillator is designed to add minimum power consumption.

To wake up from Stop mode with an RTC alarm event, it is necessary to:

• • Configure the EXTI line 18 to be sensitive to rising edge.
• • Configure the RTC to generate the RTC alarm.

To wake up from Standby mode, there is no need to configure the EXTI line 18.

To wake up from Stop mode with an RTC wake-up event, it is necessary to:

• • Configure the EXTI line 20 to be sensitive to rising edge.
• • Configure the RTC to generate the RTC alarm.

To wake up from Standby mode, there is no need to configure the EXTI line 20.

5.5 PWR registers

The peripheral registers can be accessed by half-words (16-bit) or words (32-bit).

5.5.1 PWR control register 1 (PWR_CR1)

This register is reset after wake-up from Standby mode, except for bit field LPMS[2:0].

Access: additional APB cycles are used to access this register versus those used for a standard APB access (three for a write and two for a read).

Address offset: 0x000

Reset value: 0x0000 0200

Bits 31:15 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

When this bit is set, the supply mode is switched from main regulator mode (MR) to low-power regulator mode (LPR).

Note: Stop 2 mode cannot be entered when LPR bit is set. Stop 1 is entered instead.

Bits 13:11 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Previous voltage range change must be completed before chaining voltage range again.

0b00: Cannot be written (forbidden by hardware)

0b01: Range 1

0b10: Range 2

0b11: Cannot be written (forbidden by hardware)

In reset state, the RTC and backup registers are protected against parasitic write access.

This bit must be set to enable write access to these registers.

0: Access to RTC and backup registers disabled

1: Access to RTC and backup registers enabled

Bits 7:6 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

This bit selects whether the flash memory is in Power-down mode or Idle mode when the CPU is in Sleep mode. flash memory is only set in power-down mode when the system is in LPSleep mode.

0: Flash memory in Idle mode when system is in LPSleep mode

1: Flash memory in Power-down mode when system is in LPSleep mode

This bit can only be written to 1 after unlocking this register bit, by first writing (code 0xC1B0) into this register (when writing the code, the register bits are not updated). Selects whether the flash memory is in power-down mode or Idle mode when in LPRun mode. (flash memory can only be in power-down mode when code is executed from SRAM). Flash memory is only set in power-down mode when the system is in LPRun mode.

0: Flash memory in Idle mode when system is in LPRun mode

1: Flash memory in Power-down mode when system is in LPRun mode

This bit is set and cleared by software.

0: sub-GHz SPI NSS signal driven from PWR_SUBGHZSPICR.NSS (RFBUSYMS functionality enabled)

1: sub-GHz SPI NSS signal driven from LPTIM3_OUT (RFBUSYMS functionality disabled)

These bits are not reset when exiting Standby mode.

These bits select the low-power mode allowed when CPU enters the Deep -Sleep mode.

000: Stop 0 mode

001: Stop 1 mode

010: Stop 2 mode

011: Standby mode

1xx: Shutdown mode

Note: If LPR bit is set, Stop 2 mode cannot be selected and Stop 1 mode must be entered instead of Stop 2.

In Standby mode, SRAM2 is preserved, depending on RRS bit configuration in PWR_CR3.

5.5.2 PWR control register 2 (PWR_CR2)

This register is reset when exiting the Standby mode.

Address offset: 0x004

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:7 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 6 PVME3 : Peripheral voltage monitoring 3 enable: \( V_{DDA} \) versus 1.62 V

• 0: PVM3 ( \( V_{DDA} \) monitoring versus 1.62 V threshold) disable.
• 1: PVM3 ( \( V_{DDA} \) monitoring versus 1.62 V threshold) enable.

Bits 5:4 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bits 3:1 PLS[2:0] : Programmable voltage detector level selection.

These bits select the voltage threshold detected by the programmable voltage detector:

• 000: \( V_{PVD0} \) around 2.0 V
• 001: \( V_{PVD1} \) around 2.2 V
• 010: \( V_{PVD2} \) around 2.4 V
• 011: \( V_{PVD3} \) around 2.5 V
• 100: \( V_{PVD4} \) around 2.6 V
• 101: \( V_{PVD5} \) around 2.8 V
• 110: \( V_{PVD6} \) around 2.9 V
• 111: External input analog voltage \( PVD\_IN \) (compared internally to \( V_{REFINT} \) )

Note: These bits are write-protected when the bit PVDL (PVD Lock) is set in the SYSCFG_CBR register.

These bits are reset only by a system reset.

Bit 0 PVDE : Programmable voltage detector enable

• 0: Programmable voltage detector disabled
• 1: Programmable voltage detector enabled

Note: This bit is write-protected when the bit PVDL (PVD Lock) is set in the SYSCFG_CBR register.

This bit is reset only by a system reset.

5.5.3 PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes.

Access: additional APB cycles are needed to access this register versus those needed for a standard APB access (three for a write and two for a read).

Address offset: 0x008

Reset value: 0x0000 8000

Bits 31:16 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 15 EIWUL : internal wake-up line for CPU enable

0: Internal wake-up line interrupt to CPU disabled

1: Internal wake-up line interrupt to CPU enabled

Bit 14 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 13 EWRFIRQ : radio IRQ[2:0] wake-up for CPU enable

When this bit is set, the radio IRQ[2:0] is enabled and triggers a wake-up from Standby event to CPU.

Bit 12 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 11 EWRFBUSY : radio busy wake-up from Standby for CPU enable

When this bit is set, the radio busy is enabled and triggers a wake-up from Standby event to CPU when a rising or a falling edge occurs. The active edge is configured via the WRFBUSYP bit in the PWR control register 4 (PWR_CR4) .

Bit 10 APC : Apply pull-up and pull-down configuration from CPU

When this bit is set, the I/O pull-up and pull-down configurations defined in the PWR_PUCRx and PWR_PDCRx registers are applied. When this bit is cleared, the PWR_PUCRx and PWR_PDCRx registers are not applied to the I/Os.

Bit 9 RRS : SRAM2 retention in Standby mode

0: SRAM2 powered off in Standby mode (SRAM2 content lost)

1: SRAM2 powered by the low-power regulator in Standby mode (SRAM2 content kept)

Bit 8 EWVPD : PVD and wake-up for CPU enable (when sub-GHz radio in active state)

This bit is set and reset by software.

When this bit is set, the PVD is enabled while the sub-GHz radio is active and triggers an interrupt and wake-up from Stop, Standby event to CPU, when the voltage level drops below the PVD threshold level.

0: PVD not enabled by the sub-GHz radio active state

1: PVD enabled while the sub-GHz radio is active

Bit 7 ULPEN : Ultra-low-power enable

Enable/disable periodical sampling of supply voltage in Stop and Standby modes for detecting condition of PDR and BOR reset.

0: Disable (the supply voltage is monitored continuously)

1: Enable, when set, the supply voltage is sampled for PDR/BOR reset condition only periodically and not continuously, in order to save power. The sampling period is typically 12 ms, but is strongly linked to the temperature (the period decreases when the temperature increases).

Caution: When enabled and if the supply voltage drops below the minimum operating condition between two supply voltage samples, the reset condition is missed and no reset is generated.

Bits 6:3 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 2 EWUP3 : Wake-up pin WKUP3 for CPUenable

When this bit is set, the external wake-up pin WKUP3 is enabled and triggers an interrupt and wake-up from Stop, Standby or Shutdown event when a rising or a falling edge occurs to CPU. The active edge is configured via the WP3 bit in the PWR control register 4 (PWR_CR4) .

Bit 1 EWUP2 : Wake-up pin WKUP2 for CPUenable

When this bit is set, the external wake-up pin WKUP2 is enabled and triggers an interrupt and wake-up from Stop, Standby or Shutdown event when a rising or a falling edge occurs to CPU. The active edge is configured via the WP2 bit in the PWR control register 4 (PWR_CR4) .

Bit 0 EWUP1 : Wake-up pin WKUP1 for CPU enable

When this bit is set, the external wake-up pin WKUP1 is enabled and triggers an interrupt and wake-up from Stop, Standby or Shutdown event when a rising or a falling edge occurs to CPU. The active edge is configured via the WP1 bit in the PWR control register 4 (PWR_CR4) .

5.5.4 PWR control register 4 (PWR_CR4)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes.

Access: additional APB cycles are needed to access this register versus those needed for a standard APB access (three for a write and two for a read).

Address offset: 0x00C

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:12 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 11 WRFBUSYP : Wake-up radio busy polarity

This bit defines the polarity used for an event detection on radio busy signal.

0: Detection on high level (rising edge)

1: Detection on low level (falling edge)

Bit 10 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 9 VBRS : \( V_{BAT} \) battery charging resistor selection

0: \( V_{BAT} \) charging through a 5 k \( \Omega \) resistor

1: \( V_{BAT} \) charging through a 1.5 k \( \Omega \) resistor

Bit 8 VBE : \( V_{BAT} \) battery charging enable

0: \( V_{BAT} \) battery charging disabled

1: \( V_{BAT} \) battery charging enabled

Bits 7:3 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 2 WP3 : Wake-up pin WKUP3 polarity

This bit defines the polarity used for an event detection on external wake-up pin, WKUP3

0: Detection on high level (rising edge)

1: Detection on low level (falling edge)

Bit 1 WP2 : Wake-up pin WKUP2 polarity

This bit defines the polarity used for an event detection on external wake-up pin, WKUP2

0: Detection on high level (rising edge)

1: Detection on low level (falling edge)

Bit 0 WP1 : Wake-up pin WKUP1 polarity

This bit defines the polarity used for an event detection on external wake-up pin, WKUP1

0: Detection on high level (rising edge)

1: Detection on low level (falling edge)

5.5.5 PWR status register 1 (PWR_SR1)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes.

Access: two additional APB cycles are needed to read this register versus a standard APB read.

Address offset: 0x010

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:16 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 15 WUFI : Internal wake-up interrupt flag

This bit is set when a wake-up is detected on the internal wake-up line. It is cleared when all internal wake-up sources are cleared.

Bits 14:12 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 11 WRFBUSYF : Radio busy wake-up flag

This bit is set when a wake-up event is detected on radio busy. It is cleared by writing '1' in the CWRFBUSYF bit of the PWR_SCR register.

Bits 10:9 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 8 WPVDF : Wake-up PVD flag

This bit is set when a wake-up event is detected on PVD. It is cleared by writing '1' in the CWPVDF bit of the PWR_SCR register.

Bits 7:3 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 2 WUF3 : Wake-up flag 3

This bit is set when a wake-up event is detected on wake-up pin, WKUP3. It is cleared by writing 1 in the CWUF3 bit of the PWR status clear register (PWR_SCR) .

Bit 1 WUF2 : Wake-up flag 2

This bit is set when a wake-up event is detected on wake-up pin, WKUP2. It is cleared by writing 1 in the CWUF2 bit of the PWR status clear register (PWR_SCR) .

Bit 0 WUF1 : Wake-up flag 1

This bit is set when a wake-up event is detected on wake-up pin, WKUP1. It is cleared by writing 1 in the CWUF1 bit of the PWR status clear register (PWR_SCR) .

5.5.6 Power status register 2 (PWR_SR2)

This register is partially reset when exiting Standby/Shutdown modes.

Address offset: 0x014

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:15 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 14 PVMO3 : Peripheral voltage monitoring output: \( V_{DDA} \) versus 1.62 V

0: \( V_{DDA} \) voltage above PVM3 threshold (around 1.62 V)

1: \( V_{DDA} \) voltage below PVM3 threshold (around 1.62 V)

Note: PVMO3 is cleared when PVM3 is disabled (PVME3 = 0). After enabling PVM3, the PVM3 output is valid after the PVM3 wake-up time.

Bits 13:12 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 11 PVDO : Programmable voltage detector output

0: \( V_{DD} \) or voltage level on PVD_IN above the selected PVD threshold

1: \( V_{DD} \) or voltage level on PVD_IN below the selected PVD threshold

Bit 10 VOSF : Voltage scaling flag

A delay is required for the internal regulator to be ready after the voltage scaling has been changed. VOSF indicates that the regulator reached the voltage level defined with VOS bits of the PWR control register 1 (PWR_CR1) .

0: regulator ready in the selected voltage range

1: regulator output voltage changed to the required voltage level

This bit is set by hardware when the MCU is in LPRun mode. When the MCU exits from the LPRun mode, this bit remains at 1 until the main regulator is ready. A polling on this bit must be done before increasing the product frequency.

This bit is cleared by hardware when the main regulator is ready.

0: main regulator (MR) ready and used

1: low-power regulator (LPR) used

This bit provides the information whether the low-power regulator is ready after a power-on reset or a Standby/Shutdown. If the Standby mode is entered while REGLPS bit is still cleared ("backup" SRAM2 disabled), the wake-up time from Standby mode may be increased.

0: LPR not ready

1: LPR ready

This bit is set by hardware when the flash memory can be accessed by software after a software controlled flash power down (in LPRun mode). This bit is cleared by hardware when the flash memory is powered down.

0: Flash memory not ready to be accessed

1: Flash memory ready to be accessed

This bit is set by hardware when the main regulator is supplied by the LDO or SMPS when enabled. When this bit is cleared the main regulator is directly supplied from \( V_{DD} \) .

0: main regulator supplied directly from \( V_{DD} \)

1: main regulator supplied through LDO or SMPS

When enabled by RFEOLEBN, this bit indicates that the supply voltage reached the radio end-of-life operating low level.

0: Supply voltage below radio end-of-life operating low level

1: Supply voltage above radio end-of-life operating low level

This bit indicates that the LDO is ready.

0: LDO not ready or off

1: LDO ready

This bit indicates that the SMPS step-down converter is ready.

0: SMPS step-down converter not ready or off

1: SMPS step-down converter ready

This bit indicates the actual status of the radio busy masked signal.

0: radio busy masked signal low (not busy)

1: radio busy masked signal high (busy)

This bit indicates the actual status of the radio busy signal.

0: radio busy signal low (not busy)

1: radio busy signal high (busy)

5.5.7 PWR status clear register (PWR_SCR)

Access: three additional APB cycles are needed to write this register versus a standard APB write.

Address offset: 0x018

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:12 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 11 CWRFBUSYF : Clear wake-up radio busy flag

Setting this bit clears the WRFBUSYF flag in the PWR_SR1. This bit is always read 0.

Bits 10:9 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 8 CWPVDF : Clear wake-up PVD interrupt flag

Setting this bit clears the WPVDF flag in the PWR_SR1. This bit is always read as 0.

Bits 7:3 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 2 CWUF3 : Clear wake-up flag 3

Setting this bit clears the WUF3 flag in the PWR_SR1 register. This bit is always read as 0.

Bit 1 CWUF2 : Clear wake-up flag 2

Setting this bit clears the WUF2 flag in the PWR_SR1 register. This bit is always read as 0.

Bit 0 CWUF1 : Clear wake-up flag 1

Setting this bit clears the WUF1 flag in the PWR_SR1 register. This bit is always read as 0.

5.5.8 PWR control register 5 (PWR_CR5)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes.

Access: three additional APB cycles are needed to write this register versus a standard APB write.

Address offset: 0x01C

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:16 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 15 SMPSEN : SMPS step-down converter enable

This bit enables the SMPS step-down converter.

0: SMPS step-down converter SMPS mode disabled (LDO mode enabled)

1: SMPS step-down converter SMPS mode enabled

Caution: Before enabling the SMPS, the SMPS clock detection must be enabled in SUBGHZ_SMPCOR.CLKDE, if the application uses an external HSE clock source (not coming from XO or TCXO but from another device).

Bit 14 RFEOLEN : sub-GHz radio end-of-life detector enable

0: Radio end-of-life detector disabled

1: Radio end-of-life detector enabled

Bits 13:0 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

5.5.9 PWR port A pull-up control register (PWR_PUCRA)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes.

Access: additional APB cycles are needed to access this register versus those needed for a standard APB access (three for a write and two for a read).

Address offset: 0x020

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:16 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bits 15:0 PU[15:0] : Port PA[y] pull-up bit y (y = 0 to 15)

When set, each bit activates the pull-up on PA[y] when both APC bits are set in PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) . The pull-up is not activated if the corresponding PA[y] bit is also set.

5.5.10 PWR port A pull-down control register (PWR_PDCRA)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes.

Access: additional APB cycles are needed to access this register versus those needed for a standard APB access (three for a write and two for a read).

Address offset: 0x024

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:16 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bits 15:0 PD[15:0] : Port PA[y] pull-down (y = 0 to 15)

When set, each bit activates the pull-down on PA[y] when both APC bits are set in PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) .

5.5.11 PWR port B pull-up control register (PWR_PUCRB)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes.

Access: additional APB cycles are needed to access this register versus those needed for a standard APB access (three for a write and two for a read).

Address offset: 0x028

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:16 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bits 15:0 PU[15:0] : Port PB[y] pull-up (y = 0 to 15)

When set, each bit activates the pull-up on PB[y] when both APC bits are set in PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) . The pull-up is not activated if the corresponding PB[y] bit is also set.

5.5.12 PWR port B pull-down control register (PWR_PDCRB)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes.

Access: additional APB cycles are needed to access this register versus those needed for a standard APB access (three for a write and two for a read).

Address offset: 0x02C

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:16 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bits 15:0 PD[15:0] : Port PB[y] pull-down (y = 0 to 15)

When set, each bit activates the pull-down on PB[y] when both APC bits are set in PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) .

5.5.13 PWR port C pull-up control register (PWR_PUCRC)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes.

Access: additional APB cycles are needed to access this register versus those needed for a standard APB access (three for a write and two for a read).

Address offset: 0x030

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:16 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bits 15:13 PU[15:13] : Port PC[y] pull-up (y = 13 to 15)

When set, each bit activates the pull-up on PC[y] when both APC bits are set in PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) . The pull-up is not activated if the corresponding PC[y] bit is also set.

Bits 12:7 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bits 6:0 PU[6:0] : Port PC[y] pull-up (y = 0 to 6)

When set, each bit activates the pull-up on PC[y] when both APC bits are set in PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) . The pull-up is not activated if the corresponding PC[y] bit is also set.

5.5.14 PWR port C pull-down control register (PWR_PDCRC)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes.

Access: additional APB cycles are needed to access this register versus those needed for a standard APB access (three for a write and two for a read).

Address offset: 0x034

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:16 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bits 15:13 PD[15:13] : Port PC[y] pull-down (y = 13 to 15)

When set, each bit activates the pull-down on PC[y] when both APC bits are set in PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) .

Bits 12:7 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bits 6:0 PD[6:0] : Port PC[y] pull-down bit y (y = 0 to 6)

When set, each bit activates the pull-down on PC[y] when both APC bits are set in .

5.5.15 PWR port H pull-up control register (PWR_PUCRH)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes and with PWRRST bit in the RCC_APB1RSTR1 register.

Access: additional APB cycles are needed to access this register versus those needed for a standard APB access (three for a write and two for a read).

Address offset: 0x058

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:4 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 3 PU3 : Port PH[3] pull-up

When set, this bit activates the pull-up on PH[3] when both APC bit are set in PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) . The pull-up is not activated if the corresponding PH[3] bit is also set.

Bits 2:0 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

5.5.16 PWR port H pull-down control register (PWR_PDCRH)

This register is not reset when exiting Standby modes and with PWRRST bit in the RCC_APB1RSTR1 register.

Access: additional APB cycles are needed to access this register versus those needed for a standard APB access (three for a write and two for a read).

Address offset: 0x05C

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:4 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 3 PD3 : Port PH[3] pull-down

When set, this bit activates the pull-down on PH[3] when both APC bits are set in PWR control register 3 (PWR_CR3) .

Bits 2:0 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

5.5.17 PWR extended status and status clear register (PWR_EXTSCR)

Access: three additional APB cycles are needed to write this register versus a standard APB write.

Address offset: 0x088

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

Bits 31:15 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 14 C1DS : CPU Deep-Sleep mode

This bit is set by hardware when CPU enters Deep-Sleep mode.

0: CPU is running or in sleep

1: CPU is in Deep-Sleep

Bits 13:11 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 10 C1STOPF : System Stop 0, 1 flag for CPU (all core states retained)

This bit is set by hardware and cleared only by any reset or by setting C1CSSF bit.

0: System has not been in Stop 0 or 1 mode

1: System has been in Stop 0 or 1 mode.

Bit 9 C1STOP2F : System Stop 2 flag for CPU (partial core states retained)

This bit is set by hardware and cleared only by any reset or by setting C1CSSF bit.

0: System has not been in Stop 2 mode

1: System has been in Stop 2 mode.

Bit 8 C1SBF : System Standby flag for CPU (no core states retained)

This bit is set by hardware and cleared only by a POR reset or by setting C1CSSF bit.

0: System has not been in Standby mode

1: System has been in Standby mode.

Bits 7:1 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 0 C1CSSF : Clear CPU Stop Standby flags

Setting this bit clears the C1STOPF and C1SBF bits.

5.5.18 PWR sub-GHz SPI control register (PWR_SUBGHZSPICR)

Address offset: 0x090

Reset value: 0x0000 8000

Bits 31:16 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 15 NSS : sub-GHz SPI NSS control

This bit is set and cleared by software and is used to control the sub-GHz SPI NSS level from software.

0: sub-GHz SPI NSS signal at level low

1: sub-GHz SPI NSS signal is at level high

Bits 14:0 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

5.5.19 PWR register map

Table 48. PWR register map and reset values

Table 48. PWR register map and reset values (continued)