23. Basic timers (TIM6/TIM7)

23.1 TIM6/TIM7 introduction

The basic timers TIM6 and TIM7 consist of a 16-bit auto-reload counter driven by a programmable prescaler.

They may be used as generic timers for time base generation but they are also specifically used to drive the digital-to-analog converter (DAC). In fact, the timers are internally connected to the DAC and are able to drive it through their trigger outputs.

The timers are completely independent, and do not share any resources.

23.2 TIM6/TIM7 main features

Basic timer (TIM6/TIM7) features include:

Figure 211. Basic timer block diagram

Figure 211. Basic timer block diagram

The block diagram illustrates the internal architecture of a basic timer (TIM6/TIM7). At the top, a 'Trigger controller' block receives an 'Internal clock (CK_INT)' from the 'TIMxCLK from RCC' input. It has a 'Control' sub-block and outputs a 'TRGO' signal 'to DAC'. Below the trigger controller, a 'CNT counter' block is shown. It receives a 'CK_PSC' signal from a 'PSC prescaler' block and a 'CK_CNT' signal from the 'PSC prescaler'. The 'CNT counter' is connected to an 'Auto-reload register' block. The 'Auto-reload register' has a 'U' (Update) input and outputs 'Stop, clear or up' signals. The 'CNT counter' also has 'U' (Update) and 'UI' (Update Interrupt) outputs. A legend at the bottom left explains the symbols: 'Reg' for preload registers, 'Event' for update events, and 'Interrupt & DMA output' for the UI signal. The diagram is labeled 'MS33142V1' in the bottom right corner.

Notes:
Reg Preload registers transferred to active registers on U event according to control bit
Event
Interrupt & DMA output

MS33142V1

Figure 211. Basic timer block diagram

23.3 TIM6/TIM7 functional description

23.3.1 Time-base unit

The main block of the programmable timer is a 16-bit upcounter with its related auto-reload register. The counter clock can be divided by a prescaler.

The counter, the auto-reload register and the prescaler register can be written or read by software. This is true even when the counter is running.

The time-base unit includes:

The auto-reload register is preloaded. The preload register is accessed each time an attempt is made to write or read the auto-reload register. The contents of the preload register are transferred into the shadow register permanently or at each update event UEV, depending on the auto-reload preload enable bit (ARPE) in the TIMx_CR1 register. The update event is sent when the counter reaches the overflow value and if the UDIS bit equals 0 in the TIMx_CR1 register. It can also be generated by software. The generation of the update event is described in detail for each configuration.

The counter is clocked by the prescaler output CK_CNT, which is enabled only when the counter enable bit (CEN) in the TIMx_CR1 register is set.

Note that the actual counter enable signal CNT_EN is set 1 clock cycle after CEN.

Prescaler description

The prescaler can divide the counter clock frequency by any factor between 1 and 65536. It is based on a 16-bit counter controlled through a 16-bit register (in the TIMx_PSC register). It can be changed on the fly as the TIMx_PSC control register is buffered. The new prescaler ratio is taken into account at the next update event.

Figure 212 and Figure 213 give some examples of the counter behavior when the prescaler ratio is changed on the fly.

Figure 212. Counter timing diagram with prescaler division change from 1 to 2

Timing diagram for Figure 212 showing signal transitions for CK_PSC, CEN, Timerclock, Counter register, Update event, Prescaler control register, Prescaler buffer, and Prescaler counter. The diagram illustrates the effect of changing the prescaler division from 1 to 2.

This timing diagram shows the relationship between several signals over time. The signals are:

The diagram is divided into three main phases by vertical dashed lines:
  1. Initial state: Prescaler division is 1 (control register = 0). The counter increments every two CK_PSC cycles.
  2. Transition: A new value (1) is written to the prescaler control register. The next Update Event (UEV) latches this value into the prescaler buffer.
  3. Final state: Prescaler division is 2 (control register = 1). The counter now increments every four CK_PSC cycles.

Timing diagram for Figure 212 showing signal transitions for CK_PSC, CEN, Timerclock, Counter register, Update event, Prescaler control register, Prescaler buffer, and Prescaler counter. The diagram illustrates the effect of changing the prescaler division from 1 to 2.

Figure 213. Counter timing diagram with prescaler division change from 1 to 4

Timing diagram for Figure 213 showing signal transitions for CK_PSC, CEN, Timerclock, Counter register, Update event, Prescaler control register, Prescaler buffer, and Prescaler counter. The diagram illustrates the effect of changing the prescaler division from 1 to 4.

This timing diagram is similar to Figure 212 but shows a prescaler division change from 1 to 4. The signals and their behavior are:

The transition follows the same pattern as in Figure 212: initial division of 1, followed by a write to the control register, latching at the UEV, and then operating at the new division of 4.

Timing diagram for Figure 213 showing signal transitions for CK_PSC, CEN, Timerclock, Counter register, Update event, Prescaler control register, Prescaler buffer, and Prescaler counter. The diagram illustrates the effect of changing the prescaler division from 1 to 4.

23.3.2 Counting mode

The counter counts from 0 to the auto-reload value (contents of the TIMx_ARR register), then restarts from 0 and generates a counter overflow event.

An update event can be generated at each counter overflow or by setting the UG bit in the TIMx_EGR register (by software or by using the slave mode controller).

The UEV event can be disabled by software by setting the UDIS bit in the TIMx_CR1 register. This avoids updating the shadow registers while writing new values into the preload registers. In this way, no update event occurs until the UDIS bit has been cleared, however, the counter and the prescaler counter both restart from 0 (but the prescale rate does not change). In addition, if the URS (update request selection) bit in the TIMx_CR1 register is set, setting the UG bit generates an update event UEV, but the UIF flag is not set (so no interrupt or DMA request is sent).

When an update event occurs, all the registers are updated and the update flag (UIF bit in the TIMx_SR register) is set (depending on the URS bit):

The following figures show some examples of the counter behavior for different clock frequencies when TIMx_ARR = 0x36.

Figure 214. Counter timing diagram, internal clock divided by 1

Timing diagram for a counter in counting mode. The diagram shows the relationship between the prescaler clock (CK_PSC), counter enable (CNT_EN), timer clock (CK_CNT), counter register values, counter overflow, update event (UEV), and update interrupt flag (UIF).

The timing diagram illustrates the operation of a counter in counting mode. The signals shown are:

The diagram shows that the counter counts from 31 to 36, then rolls over to 00. The counter overflow and update event (UEV) occur at the transition from 36 to 00. The update interrupt flag (UIF) is set at the same time as the update event (UEV).

MS31078V2

Timing diagram for a counter in counting mode. The diagram shows the relationship between the prescaler clock (CK_PSC), counter enable (CNT_EN), timer clock (CK_CNT), counter register values, counter overflow, update event (UEV), and update interrupt flag (UIF).

Figure 215. Counter timing diagram, internal clock divided by 2

Timing diagram for internal clock divided by 2. It shows the relationship between CK_PSC, CNT_EN, Timerclock (CK_CNT), Counter register values (0034 to 0003), Counter overflow, Update event (UEV), and Update interrupt flag (UIF).

This timing diagram illustrates the operation of a basic timer with the internal clock divided by 2. The signals shown are:

Vertical dashed lines indicate the timing relationships between the counter register values and the overflow/UEV signals. The diagram is labeled MS31079V2 in the bottom right corner.

Timing diagram for internal clock divided by 2. It shows the relationship between CK_PSC, CNT_EN, Timerclock (CK_CNT), Counter register values (0034 to 0003), Counter overflow, Update event (UEV), and Update interrupt flag (UIF).

Figure 216. Counter timing diagram, internal clock divided by 4

Timing diagram for internal clock divided by 4. It shows the relationship between CK_PSC, CNT_EN, Timerclock (CK_CNT), Counter register values (0035 to 0001), Counter overflow, Update event (UEV), and Update interrupt flag (UIF).

This timing diagram illustrates the operation of a basic timer with the internal clock divided by 4. The signals shown are:

Vertical dashed lines indicate the timing relationships between the counter register values and the overflow/UEV signals. The diagram is labeled MS31080V2 in the bottom right corner.

Timing diagram for internal clock divided by 4. It shows the relationship between CK_PSC, CNT_EN, Timerclock (CK_CNT), Counter register values (0035 to 0001), Counter overflow, Update event (UEV), and Update interrupt flag (UIF).

Figure 217. Counter timing diagram, internal clock divided by N

Figure 217: Counter timing diagram, internal clock divided by N

This diagram illustrates the relationship between the internal clock and the counter signals when the clock is divided by N. The signals shown are:

MS31081V2

Figure 217: Counter timing diagram, internal clock divided by N

Figure 218. Counter timing diagram, update event when ARPE = 0 (TIMx_ARR not preloaded)

Figure 218: Counter timing diagram, update event when ARPE = 0 (TIMx_ARR not preloaded)

This diagram shows the counter behavior when the auto-reload preload is disabled (ARPE=0). The signals shown are:

Note: "Write a new value in TIMx_ARR" occurs before the counter reaches the new value.

MS31082V2

Figure 218: Counter timing diagram, update event when ARPE = 0 (TIMx_ARR not preloaded)

Figure 219. Counter timing diagram, update event when ARPE=1 (TIMx_ARR preloaded)

Figure 219: Counter timing diagram showing the relationship between CK_PSC, CEN, Timerclock (CK_CNT), Counter register, Counter overflow, Update event (UEV), Update interrupt flag (UIF), Auto-reload preload register, and Auto-reload shadow register. The diagram illustrates the timing of an update event when ARPE=1 and the auto-reload register is preloaded.

The timing diagram shows the following signals and their relationship over time:

MS31083V2

Figure 219: Counter timing diagram showing the relationship between CK_PSC, CEN, Timerclock (CK_CNT), Counter register, Counter overflow, Update event (UEV), Update interrupt flag (UIF), Auto-reload preload register, and Auto-reload shadow register. The diagram illustrates the timing of an update event when ARPE=1 and the auto-reload register is preloaded.

23.3.3 UIF bit remapping

The IUFREMAP bit in the TIMx_CR1 register forces a continuous copy of the Update Interrupt Flag UIF into the timer counter register's bit 31 (TIMxCNT[31]). This allows to atomically read both the counter value and a potential roll-over condition signaled by the UIFCPY flag. In particular cases, it can ease the calculations by avoiding race conditions caused for instance by a processing shared between a background task (counter reading) and an interrupt (Update Interrupt).

There is no latency between the assertions of the UIF and UIFCPY flags.

23.3.4 Clock source

The counter clock is provided by the Internal clock (CK_INT) source.

The CEN (in the TIMx_CR1 register) and UG bits (in the TIMx_EGR register) are actual control bits and can be changed only by software (except for UG that remains cleared automatically). As soon as the CEN bit is written to 1, the prescaler is clocked by the internal clock CK_INT.

Figure 220 shows the behavior of the control circuit and the upcounter in normal mode, without prescaler.

Figure 220. Control circuit in normal mode, internal clock divided by 1

Timing diagram showing the control circuit in normal mode. The diagram illustrates the relationship between the Internal clock, CEN=CNT_EN, UG, CNT_INIT, Counter clock = CK_CNT = CK_PSC, and the Counter register. The Internal clock is a high-frequency square wave. CEN=CNT_EN is a high-level signal. UG is a high-level signal. CNT_INIT is a high-level signal. The Counter clock is a square wave derived from the Internal clock. The Counter register shows a sequence of values: 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07. Vertical dashed lines indicate synchronization points between the signals and the counter register updates.

MS31085V2

Timing diagram showing the control circuit in normal mode. The diagram illustrates the relationship between the Internal clock, CEN=CNT_EN, UG, CNT_INIT, Counter clock = CK_CNT = CK_PSC, and the Counter register. The Internal clock is a high-frequency square wave. CEN=CNT_EN is a high-level signal. UG is a high-level signal. CNT_INIT is a high-level signal. The Counter clock is a square wave derived from the Internal clock. The Counter register shows a sequence of values: 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07. Vertical dashed lines indicate synchronization points between the signals and the counter register updates.

23.3.5 Debug mode

When the microcontroller enters the debug mode (Cortex®-M0+ core - halted), the TIMx counter either continues to work normally or stops, depending on the DBG_TIMx_STOP configuration bit in the DBG module. For more details, refer to Section 40.9.2: Debug support for timers, watchdog and I 2 C .

23.4 TIM6/TIM7 registers

Refer to Section 1.2 on page 55 for a list of abbreviations used in register descriptions.

The peripheral registers can be accessed by half-words (16-bit) or words (32-bit).

23.4.1 TIMx control register 1 (TIMx_CR1)(x = 6 to 7)

Address offset: 0x00

Reset value: 0x0000

1514131211109876543210
Res.Res.Res.Res.UIFREMAPRes.Res.Res.ARPERes.Res.Res.OPMURSUDISCEN
rwrwrwrwrwrw

Bits 15:12 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 11 UIFREMAP : UIF status bit remapping

0: No remapping. UIF status bit is not copied to TIMx_CNT register bit 31.

1: Remapping enabled. UIF status bit is copied to TIMx_CNT register bit 31.

Bits 10:8 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 7 ARPE : Auto-reload preload enable

0: TIMx_ARR register is not buffered.

1: TIMx_ARR register is buffered.

Bits 6:4 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 3 OPM : One-pulse mode

0: Counter is not stopped at update event

1: Counter stops counting at the next update event (clearing the CEN bit).

Bit 2 URS : Update request source

This bit is set and cleared by software to select the UEV event sources.

0: Any of the following events generates an update interrupt or DMA request if enabled.

These events can be:

1: Only counter overflow/underflow generates an update interrupt or DMA request if enabled.

Bit 1 UDIS : Update disable

This bit is set and cleared by software to enable/disable UEV event generation.

0: UEV enabled. The Update (UEV) event is generated by one of the following events:

Buffered registers are then loaded with their preload values.

1: UEV disabled. The Update event is not generated, shadow registers keep their value (ARR, PSC). However the counter and the prescaler are reinitialized if the UG bit is set or if a hardware reset is received from the slave mode controller.

Bit 0 CEN : Counter enable

0: Counter disabled

1: Counter enabled

Note: Gated mode can work only if the CEN bit has been previously set by software.

However trigger mode can set the CEN bit automatically by hardware.

CEN is cleared automatically in one-pulse mode, when an update event occurs.

23.4.2 TIMx control register 2 (TIMx_CR2)(x = 6 to 7)

Address offset: 0x04

Reset value: 0x0000

1514131211109876543210
Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.MMS[2:0]Res.Res.Res.Res.
rwrwrw

Bits 15:7 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bits 6:4 MMS[2:0] : Master mode selection

These bits are used to select the information to be sent in master mode to slave timers for synchronization (TRGO). The combination is as follows:

000: Reset - the UG bit from the TIMx_EGR register is used as a trigger output (TRGO). If reset is generated by the trigger input (slave mode controller configured in reset mode) then the signal on TRGO is delayed compared to the actual reset.

001: Enable - the Counter enable signal, CNT_EN, is used as a trigger output (TRGO). It is useful to start several timers at the same time or to control a window in which a slave timer is enabled. The Counter Enable signal is generated by a logic OR between CEN control bit and the trigger input when configured in gated mode.

When the Counter Enable signal is controlled by the trigger input, there is a delay on TRGO, except if the master/slave mode is selected (see the MSM bit description in the TIMx_SMCR register).

010: Update - The update event is selected as a trigger output (TRGO). For instance a master timer can then be used as a prescaler for a slave timer.

Note: The clock of the slave timer or ADC must be enabled prior to receive events from the master timer, and must not be changed on-the-fly while triggers are received from the master timer.

Bits 3:0 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

23.4.3 TIMx DMA/Interrupt enable register (TIMx_DIER)(x = 6 to 7)

Address offset: 0x0C

Reset value: 0x0000

1514131211109876543210
Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.UDERes.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.UIE
rwrw

Bits 15:9 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 8 UDE : Update DMA request enable

0: Update DMA request disabled.

1: Update DMA request enabled.

Bits 7:1 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 0 UIE : Update interrupt enable

0: Update interrupt disabled.

1: Update interrupt enabled.

23.4.4 TIMx status register (TIMx_SR)(x = 6 to 7)

Address offset: 0x10

Reset value: 0x0000

1514131211109876543210
Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.UIF
rc_w0

Bits 15:1 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 0 UIF : Update interrupt flag

This bit is set by hardware on an update event. It is cleared by software.

0: No update occurred.

1: Update interrupt pending. This bit is set by hardware when the registers are updated:

23.4.5 TIMx event generation register (TIMx_EGR)(x = 6 to 7)

Address offset: 0x14

Reset value: 0x0000

1514131211109876543210
Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.UG
w

Bits 15:1 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bit 0 UG : Update generation

This bit can be set by software, it is automatically cleared by hardware.

0: No action.

1: Re-initializes the timer counter and generates an update of the registers. Note that the prescaler counter is cleared too (but the prescaler ratio is not affected).

23.4.6 TIMx counter (TIMx_CNT)(x = 6 to 7)

Address offset: 0x24

Reset value: 0x0000 0000

31302928272625242322212019181716
UIF
CPY
Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.
r

1514131211109876543210
CNT[15:0]
rwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrw

Bit 31 UIFCPY : UIF Copy

This bit is a read-only copy of the UIF bit of the TIMx_ISR register. If the UIFREMAP bit in TIMx_CR1 is reset, bit 31 is reserved and read as 0.

Bits 30:16 Reserved, must be kept at reset value.

Bits 15:0 CNT[15:0] : Counter value

23.4.7 TIMx prescaler (TIMx_PSC)(x = 6 to 7)

Address offset: 0x28

Reset value: 0x0000

1514131211109876543210
PSC[15:0]
rwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrw

Bits 15:0 PSC[15:0] : Prescaler value

The counter clock frequency \( CK\_CNT \) is equal to \( f_{CK\_PSC} / (PSC[15:0] + 1) \) .

PSC contains the value to be loaded into the active prescaler register at each update event. (including when the counter is cleared through UG bit of TIMx_EGR register or through trigger controller when configured in “reset mode”).

23.4.8 TIMx auto-reload register (TIMx_ARR)(x = 6 to 7)

Address offset: 0x2C

Reset value: 0xFFFF

1514131211109876543210
ARR[15:0]
rwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrwrw

Bits 15:0 ARR[15:0] : Prescaler value

ARR is the value to be loaded into the actual auto-reload register.

Refer to Section 23.3.1: Time-base unit on page 695 for more details about ARR update and behavior.

The counter is blocked while the auto-reload value is null.

23.4.9 TIMx register map

TIMx registers are mapped as 16-bit addressable registers as described in the table below:

Table 126. TIMx register map and reset values

OffsetRegister name313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210
0x00TIMx_CR1Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.UIFREMARes.Res.Res.ARPERes.Res.Res.OPMURSUDISCEN
Reset value000000
0x04TIMx_CR2Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.MMS [2:0]Res.Res.Res.Res.
Reset value000
0x08Reserved
0x0CTIMx_DIERRes.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.UDERes.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.UIE
Reset value00
0x10TIMx_SRRes.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.UIF
Reset value0
0x14TIMx_EGRRes.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.UG
Reset value0
0x18-0x20Reserved
0x24TIMx_CNTUIFCOPY or Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.CNT[15:0]
Reset value00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0x28TIMx_PSCRes.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.PSC[15:0]
Reset value0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0x2CTIMx_ARRRes.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.Res.ARR[15:0]
Reset value1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Refer to Section 2.2 on page 60 for the register boundary addresses.